#OPEN TO WORK

Case Study

Leading Etsy’s Product Revolution

Executive Summary

By 2018, Etsy’s Product Organization faced a fundamental challenge: an inconsistent product development culture that hindered execution and slowed innovation. Teams operated with fragmented methodologies — some followed a structured Agile approach, while others relied on outdated waterfall processes… Read More

Executive Summary

By 2018, Etsy’s Product Organization faced a fundamental challenge: an inconsistent product development culture that hindered execution and slowed innovation. Teams operated with fragmented methodologies — some followed a structured Agile approach, while others relied on outdated waterfall processes… Read More

Executive Summary

By 2018, Etsy’s Product Organization faced a fundamental challenge: an inconsistent product development culture that hindered execution and slowed innovation. Teams operated with fragmented methodologies — some followed a structured Agile approach, while others relied on outdated waterfall processes… Read More

Executive Summary

By 2018, Etsy’s Product Organization faced a fundamental challenge: an inconsistent product development culture that hindered execution and slowed innovation. Teams operated with fragmented methodologies — some followed a structured Agile approach, while others relied on outdated waterfall processes… Read More

Executive Summary

By 2018, Etsy’s Product Organization faced a fundamental challenge: an inconsistent product development culture that hindered execution and slowed innovation. Teams operated with fragmented methodologies — some followed a structured Agile approach, while others relied on outdated waterfall processes… Read More

Executive Summary

By 2018, Etsy’s Product Organization faced a fundamental challenge: an inconsistent product development culture that hindered execution and slowed innovation. Teams operated with fragmented methodologies — some followed a structured Agile approach, while others relied on outdated waterfall processes… Read More

Executive Summary

By 2018, Etsy’s Product Organization faced a fundamental challenge: an inconsistent product development culture that hindered execution and slowed innovation. Teams operated with fragmented methodologies — some followed a structured Agile approach, while others relied on outdated waterfall processes… Read More

By 2018, Etsy's Product Organization was primed for transformation. The previous year, Josh Silverman took over as CEO, inheriting a company in decline. Etsy's once-strong growth had faltered, raising concerns about a potential low-valuation acquisition. To course-correct, he moved swiftly—reducing headcount, restructuring teams, and installing a new executive leadership team.

Beyond financial recovery, Silverman redefined Etsy's core differentiation. He shifted the company’s value proposition from “handmade” to “special”—a distinction that resonated more deeply with buyers and set Etsy apart in a crowded e-commerce landscape dominated by Amazon and Walmart. He described this shift as Etsy’s opportunity to own a unique position in a “sea of sameness”. (See Fig. 1.)

Foster innovation by championing bold ideas and driving meaningful change. While traditional product development skills often emphasize hard skills—such as technical expertise, rapid experimentation, and data analysis—solving wicked problems requires a balance of hard and soft skills. Interpersonal communication, strategic thinking, empathy, and cross-functional alignment are just as critical for leading collaboration across squads, organizations, and leadership levels—from team leads to the CEO:

  • Item 1

  • Item 2

  • Item 3

I am a paragraph

Etsy

$214M

Incremental Revenue

Etsy

$1B

Incremental GMS

Etsy

46M

Buyers

Etsy

2.7M

Sellers

Etsy

44

Reports

Etsy

83%

Employee Engagement*

Etsy

1%

Baymard Ranking⁑

Etsy

27%

Experimentation Win Rate⁂

Heading Level 1

Etsy's Product Organization was highly skilled but lacked consistency in execution. Each team operated differently, with no shared approach to discovery, prioritization, or validation. Product managers used a mix of methodologies—some followed rigid, waterfall-style processes, while others embraced iterative workflows. The result was misalignment across teams, slow decision-making, and difficulty scaling improvements across Etsy’s marketplace.

Heading Level 2

Etsy is a two-sided marketplace connecting 91 million buyers with 6.4 million sellers worldwide. Etsy Payments facilitates 93% of the company’s GMS and contributes 27% of its total revenue, making it the backbone of Etsy’s commerce ecosystem.

Heading Level 3

Over the years, Etsy’s platform evolved to support growing buyer and seller needs, yet the checkout experience had remained largely unchanged. While teams worked to improve the browsing and discovery experience, the final and most critical step in the buyer journey—checkout—had seen little innovation. As a result, increasing mobile adoption and shifting buyer expectations exposed fundamental weaknesses in the Payments experience, signaling a need for systemic improvements.

Heading Level 4

At Etsy, this meant moving away from prescriptive product roadmaps and toward an approach where leadership set high-level objectives, and squads were trusted to determine the best solutions.

From Command-and-Control to Empowered Teams

One of the biggest changes was the move toward empowered teams. As Marty Cagan explains:

Moving Away From Roadmaps

At Etsy, this meant moving away from prescriptive product roadmaps and toward an approach where leadership set high-level objectives, and squads were trusted to determine the best solutions.

How to Lead Product Organizations

“There are essentially two main ways that you can lead a product organization. You can lead by ‘command and control,’ which means explicitly telling your people what to do, usually by assigning them a roadmap of features and projects. The alternative is empowering teams—assigning them customer problems to solve and letting the teams determine the best way to solve them.”

«Because we made the cost of failure fairly low, if a squad goes four, five, six months without success, we start to ask ourselves: Maybe this path is not that fruitful. Maybe this customer problem is not as important as another. And it’s not unusual to make pivots so squads can focus on a different problem.»

—Josh Silverman, CEO Etsy

From Command-and-Control to Empowered Teams

One of the biggest changes was the move toward empowered teams. As Marty Cagan explains:

Hello world

At Etsy, this meant moving away from prescriptive product roadmaps and toward an approach where leadership set high-level objectives, and squads were trusted to determine the best solutions.

Hello world

“There are essentially two main ways that you can lead a product organization. You can lead by ‘command and control,’ which means explicitly telling your people what to do, usually by assigning them a roadmap of features and projects. The alternative is empowering teams—assigning them customer problems to solve and letting the teams determine the best way to solve them.”

Fig. 1. The Products of Design Studio at the School of Visual Arts

The Unique Role of a Design Lead

Many day-to-day challenges in product design are well-defined and can be tackled with established methods. For example, if users struggle to complete a task, techniques like task analysis help identify and remove obstacles, streamlining the customer experience to improve completion rates… Read More

The Unique Role of a Design Lead

Many day-to-day challenges in product design are well-defined and can be tackled with established methods. For example, if users struggle to complete a task, techniques like task analysis help identify and remove obstacles, streamlining the customer experience to improve completion rates… Read More

The Unique Role of a Design Lead

Many day-to-day challenges in product design are well-defined and can be tackled with established methods. For example, if users struggle to complete a task, techniques like task analysis help identify and remove obstacles, streamlining the customer experience to improve completion rates… Read More

The Unique Role of a Design Lead

Many day-to-day challenges in product design are well-defined and can be tackled with established methods. For example, if users struggle to complete a task, techniques like task analysis help identify and remove obstacles, streamlining the customer experience to improve completion rates… Read More

The Unique Role of a Design Lead

Many day-to-day challenges in product design are well-defined and can be tackled with established methods. For example, if users struggle to complete a task, techniques like task analysis help identify and remove obstacles, streamlining the customer experience to improve completion rates… Read More

The Unique Role of a Design Lead

Many day-to-day challenges in product design are well-defined and can be tackled with established methods. For example, if users struggle to complete a task, techniques like task analysis help identify and remove obstacles, streamlining the customer experience to improve completion rates… Read More

The Unique Role of a Design Lead

Many day-to-day challenges in product design are well-defined and can be tackled with established methods. For example, if users struggle to complete a task, techniques like task analysis help identify and remove obstacles, streamlining the customer experience to improve completion rates… Read More

Notes

  1. Hello world

  2. I am a note

  3. I am too

  • «Michael believes in everyone, he spreads good energy and motivation that boosts creativity and the performance of everyone.» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael leads with clarity and purpose, brings cross-functional teams together, and always keeps the focus on delivering meaningful value to users.» —T. Rooks

  • «Michael drives people and projects forward with his thinking and ambition. He always pushes a little bit further, and encourages the ‹extra mile›» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael contributes throughout the whole process, filling any shoes needed, but he does so without stepping on anyone’s toes. He’s more than just a great asset, he’s a mentor, source of inspiration, and friend.» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael has been a thoughtful and positive mentor as my career has evolved.» —S. Carmichael

  • «Michael is truly a standout collaborator and design leader. While at Etsy, he applied innovative design thinking methodologies to drive loyal, happy customers and help the business grow.» —B. Ellis

  • «As a collaborator, Michael is a fun, dynamic thinker who pushes everyone around him to do their best work.» —B. Ellis

  • «Our work together forever inspired me, and I continue to reference it on an almost daily basis both at work, and in my personal life.» —B. Ellis

  • «Michael inspires us with the clarity and insight of his strategic thinking and encourages us as leaders to dig deeper within ourselves.» —VP Engineering, Etsy

  • «Michael makes the right kind of difference where it matters most—balancing product impact with organizational leadership and offering the kind of mentorship that fuels teams.» —VP Design, Etsy

  • «Michael’s deft, adaptive leadership—knowing when to lead from the front and when to support from behind—has earned deep credibility across PMs and Engineering.» —Senior Product Design Manager, Etsy

  • «Michael demonstrates tremendous grit, grace, and optimism.» —Product Design Director, Etsy

  • «Working with Michael has been a deep honor—he’s not only a wonderful designer, but an extraordinary human.» —VP of Product Design, Etsy

colophon

This website is set in Oracle and Writer, typefaces by Dinamo and Pangram Pangram. Titles and decks feature ligatures—single characters that replace two or more letters—enhancing the rhythm and harmony of the text. Quotations are framed with guillemets, a nod to the classical French types that inspired Writer. Hederas mark the end of articles.

The writing, design, and development of this site was done by me.

Dedicated to my first child, Noah, who was born during the creation of this site.

© 2025 Michael R. Yap. All Rights Reserved.

epigraph

«The details are not the details, the details make the product.»

—charles and ray eames

«Good work, done well, for the right reasons, and with the right companions, is one of the great human joys.»

—david whyte

«We should not feel embarrassed by our difficulties, only by our failure to grow anything beautiful from them.»

—alain de botton

  • «Michael believes in everyone, he spreads good energy and motivation that boosts creativity and the performance of everyone.» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael leads with clarity and purpose, brings cross-functional teams together, and always keeps the focus on delivering meaningful value to users.» —T. Rooks

  • «Michael drives people and projects forward with his thinking and ambition. He always pushes a little bit further, and encourages the ‹extra mile›» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael contributes throughout the whole process, filling any shoes needed, but he does so without stepping on anyone’s toes. He’s more than just a great asset, he’s a mentor, source of inspiration, and friend.» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael has been a thoughtful and positive mentor as my career has evolved.» —S. Carmichael

  • «Michael is truly a standout collaborator and design leader. While at Etsy, he applied innovative design thinking methodologies to drive loyal, happy customers and help the business grow.» —B. Ellis

  • «As a collaborator, Michael is a fun, dynamic thinker who pushes everyone around him to do their best work.» —B. Ellis

  • «Our work together forever inspired me, and I continue to reference it on an almost daily basis both at work, and in my personal life.» —B. Ellis

  • «Michael inspires us with the clarity and insight of his strategic thinking and encourages us as leaders to dig deeper within ourselves.» —VP Engineering, Etsy

  • «Michael makes the right kind of difference where it matters most—balancing product impact with organizational leadership and offering the kind of mentorship that fuels teams.» —VP Design, Etsy

  • «Michael’s deft, adaptive leadership—knowing when to lead from the front and when to support from behind—has earned deep credibility across PMs and Engineering.» —Senior Product Design Manager, Etsy

  • «Michael demonstrates tremendous grit, grace, and optimism.» —Product Design Director, Etsy

  • «Working with Michael has been a deep honor—he’s not only a wonderful designer, but an extraordinary human.» —VP of Product Design, Etsy

colophon

This website is set in Oracle and Writer, typefaces by Dinamo and Pangram Pangram. Titles and decks feature ligatures—single characters that replace two or more letters—enhancing the rhythm and harmony of the text. Quotations are framed with guillemets, a nod to the classical French types that inspired Writer. Hederas mark the end of articles.

The writing, design, and development of this site was done by me.

Dedicated to my first child, Noah, who was born during the creation of this site.

© 2025 Michael R. Yap. All Rights Reserved.

epigraph

«The details are not the details, the details make the product.»

—charles and ray eames

«Good work, done well, for the right reasons, and with the right companions, is one of the great human joys.»

—david whyte

«We should not feel embarrassed by our difficulties, only by our failure to grow anything beautiful from them.»

—alain de botton

  • «Michael believes in everyone, he spreads good energy and motivation that boosts creativity and the performance of everyone.» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael leads with clarity and purpose, brings cross-functional teams together, and always keeps the focus on delivering meaningful value to users.» —T. Rooks

  • «Michael drives people and projects forward with his thinking and ambition. He always pushes a little bit further, and encourages the ‹extra mile›» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael contributes throughout the whole process, filling any shoes needed, but he does so without stepping on anyone’s toes. He’s more than just a great asset, he’s a mentor, source of inspiration, and friend.» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael has been a thoughtful and positive mentor as my career has evolved.» —S. Carmichael

  • «Michael is truly a standout collaborator and design leader. While at Etsy, he applied innovative design thinking methodologies to drive loyal, happy customers and help the business grow.» —B. Ellis

  • «As a collaborator, Michael is a fun, dynamic thinker who pushes everyone around him to do their best work.» —B. Ellis

  • «Our work together forever inspired me, and I continue to reference it on an almost daily basis both at work, and in my personal life.» —B. Ellis

  • «Michael inspires us with the clarity and insight of his strategic thinking and encourages us as leaders to dig deeper within ourselves.» —VP Engineering, Etsy

  • «Michael makes the right kind of difference where it matters most—balancing product impact with organizational leadership and offering the kind of mentorship that fuels teams.» —VP Design, Etsy

  • «Michael’s deft, adaptive leadership—knowing when to lead from the front and when to support from behind—has earned deep credibility across PMs and Engineering.» —Senior Product Design Manager, Etsy

  • «Michael demonstrates tremendous grit, grace, and optimism.» —Product Design Director, Etsy

  • «Working with Michael has been a deep honor—he’s not only a wonderful designer, but an extraordinary human.» —VP of Product Design, Etsy

colophon

This website is set in Oracle and Writer, typefaces by Dinamo and Pangram Pangram. Titles and decks feature ligatures—single characters that replace two or more letters—enhancing the rhythm and harmony of the text. Quotations are framed with guillemets, a nod to the classical French types that inspired Writer. Hederas mark the end of articles.

The writing, design, and development of this site was done by me.

Dedicated to my first child, Noah, who was born during the creation of this site.

© 2025 Michael R. Yap. All Rights Reserved.

epigraph

«The details are not the details, the details make the product.»

—charles and ray eames

«Good work, done well, for the right reasons, and with the right companions, is one of the great human joys.»

—david whyte

«We should not feel embarrassed by our difficulties, only by our failure to grow anything beautiful from them.»

—alain de botton

  • «Michael believes in everyone, he spreads good energy and motivation that boosts creativity and the performance of everyone.» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael leads with clarity and purpose, brings cross-functional teams together, and always keeps the focus on delivering meaningful value to users.» —T. Rooks

  • «Michael drives people and projects forward with his thinking and ambition. He always pushes a little bit further, and encourages the ‹extra mile›» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael contributes throughout the whole process, filling any shoes needed, but he does so without stepping on anyone’s toes. He’s more than just a great asset, he’s a mentor, source of inspiration, and friend.» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael has been a thoughtful and positive mentor as my career has evolved.» —S. Carmichael

  • «Michael is truly a standout collaborator and design leader. While at Etsy, he applied innovative design thinking methodologies to drive loyal, happy customers and help the business grow.» —B. Ellis

  • «As a collaborator, Michael is a fun, dynamic thinker who pushes everyone around him to do their best work.» —B. Ellis

  • «Our work together forever inspired me, and I continue to reference it on an almost daily basis both at work, and in my personal life.» —B. Ellis

  • «Michael inspires us with the clarity and insight of his strategic thinking and encourages us as leaders to dig deeper within ourselves.» —VP Engineering, Etsy

  • «Michael makes the right kind of difference where it matters most—balancing product impact with organizational leadership and offering the kind of mentorship that fuels teams.» —VP Design, Etsy

  • «Michael’s deft, adaptive leadership—knowing when to lead from the front and when to support from behind—has earned deep credibility across PMs and Engineering.» —Senior Product Design Manager, Etsy

  • «Michael demonstrates tremendous grit, grace, and optimism.» —Product Design Director, Etsy

  • «Working with Michael has been a deep honor—he’s not only a wonderful designer, but an extraordinary human.» —VP of Product Design, Etsy

colophon

This website is set in Oracle and Writer, typefaces by Dinamo and Pangram Pangram. Titles and decks feature ligatures—single characters that replace two or more letters—enhancing the rhythm and harmony of the text. Quotations are framed with guillemets, a nod to the classical French types that inspired Writer. Hederas mark the end of articles.

The writing, design, and development of this site was done by me.

Dedicated to my first child, Noah, who was born during the creation of this site.

© 2025 Michael R. Yap. All Rights Reserved.

epigraph

«The details are not the details, the details make the product.»

—charles and ray eames

«Good work, done well, for the right reasons, and with the right companions, is one of the great human joys.»

—david whyte

«We should not feel embarrassed by our difficulties, only by our failure to grow anything beautiful from them.»

—alain de botton

  • «Michael believes in everyone, he spreads good energy and motivation that boosts creativity and the performance of everyone.» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael leads with clarity and purpose, brings cross-functional teams together, and always keeps the focus on delivering meaningful value to users.» —T. Rooks

  • «Michael drives people and projects forward with his thinking and ambition. He always pushes a little bit further, and encourages the ‹extra mile›» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael contributes throughout the whole process, filling any shoes needed, but he does so without stepping on anyone’s toes. He’s more than just a great asset, he’s a mentor, source of inspiration, and friend.» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael has been a thoughtful and positive mentor as my career has evolved.» —S. Carmichael

  • «Michael is truly a standout collaborator and design leader. While at Etsy, he applied innovative design thinking methodologies to drive loyal, happy customers and help the business grow.» —B. Ellis

  • «As a collaborator, Michael is a fun, dynamic thinker who pushes everyone around him to do their best work.» —B. Ellis

  • «Our work together forever inspired me, and I continue to reference it on an almost daily basis both at work, and in my personal life.» —B. Ellis

  • «Michael inspires us with the clarity and insight of his strategic thinking and encourages us as leaders to dig deeper within ourselves.» —VP Engineering, Etsy

  • «Michael makes the right kind of difference where it matters most—balancing product impact with organizational leadership and offering the kind of mentorship that fuels teams.» —VP Design, Etsy

  • «Michael’s deft, adaptive leadership—knowing when to lead from the front and when to support from behind—has earned deep credibility across PMs and Engineering.» —Senior Product Design Manager, Etsy

  • «Michael demonstrates tremendous grit, grace, and optimism.» —Product Design Director, Etsy

  • «Working with Michael has been a deep honor—he’s not only a wonderful designer, but an extraordinary human.» —VP of Product Design, Etsy

colophon

This website is set in Oracle and Writer, typefaces by Dinamo and Pangram Pangram. Titles and decks feature ligatures—single characters that replace two or more letters—enhancing the rhythm and harmony of the text. Quotations are framed with guillemets, a nod to the classical French types that inspired Writer. Hederas mark the end of articles.

The writing, design, and development of this site was done by me.

Dedicated to my first child, Noah, who was born during the creation of this site.

© 2025 Michael R. Yap. All Rights Reserved.

epigraph

«The details are not the details, the details make the product.»

—charles and ray eames

«Good work, done well, for the right reasons, and with the right companions, is one of the great human joys.»

—david whyte

«We should not feel embarrassed by our difficulties, only by our failure to grow anything beautiful from them.»

—alain de botton

  • «Michael believes in everyone, he spreads good energy and motivation that boosts creativity and the performance of everyone.» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael leads with clarity and purpose, brings cross-functional teams together, and always keeps the focus on delivering meaningful value to users.» —T. Rooks

  • «Michael drives people and projects forward with his thinking and ambition. He always pushes a little bit further, and encourages the ‹extra mile›» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael contributes throughout the whole process, filling any shoes needed, but he does so without stepping on anyone’s toes. He’s more than just a great asset, he’s a mentor, source of inspiration, and friend.» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael has been a thoughtful and positive mentor as my career has evolved.» —S. Carmichael

  • «Michael is truly a standout collaborator and design leader. While at Etsy, he applied innovative design thinking methodologies to drive loyal, happy customers and help the business grow.» —B. Ellis

  • «As a collaborator, Michael is a fun, dynamic thinker who pushes everyone around him to do their best work.» —B. Ellis

  • «Our work together forever inspired me, and I continue to reference it on an almost daily basis both at work, and in my personal life.» —B. Ellis

  • «Michael inspires us with the clarity and insight of his strategic thinking and encourages us as leaders to dig deeper within ourselves.» —VP Engineering, Etsy

  • «Michael makes the right kind of difference where it matters most—balancing product impact with organizational leadership and offering the kind of mentorship that fuels teams.» —VP Design, Etsy

  • «Michael’s deft, adaptive leadership—knowing when to lead from the front and when to support from behind—has earned deep credibility across PMs and Engineering.» —Senior Product Design Manager, Etsy

  • «Michael demonstrates tremendous grit, grace, and optimism.» —Product Design Director, Etsy

  • «Working with Michael has been a deep honor—he’s not only a wonderful designer, but an extraordinary human.» —VP of Product Design, Etsy

colophon

This website is set in Oracle and Writer, typefaces by Dinamo and Pangram Pangram. Titles and decks feature ligatures—single characters that replace two or more letters—enhancing the rhythm and harmony of the text. Quotations are framed with guillemets, a nod to the classical French types that inspired Writer. Hederas mark the end of articles.

The writing, design, and development of this site was done by me.

Dedicated to my first child, Noah, who was born during the creation of this site.

© 2025 Michael R. Yap. All Rights Reserved.

epigraph

«The details are not the details, the details make the product.»

—charles and ray eames

«Good work, done well, for the right reasons, and with the right companions, is one of the great human joys.»

—david whyte

«We should not feel embarrassed by our difficulties, only by our failure to grow anything beautiful from them.»

—alain de botton

  • «Michael believes in everyone, he spreads good energy and motivation that boosts creativity and the performance of everyone.» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael leads with clarity and purpose, brings cross-functional teams together, and always keeps the focus on delivering meaningful value to users.» —T. Rooks

  • «Michael drives people and projects forward with his thinking and ambition. He always pushes a little bit further, and encourages the ‹extra mile›» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael contributes throughout the whole process, filling any shoes needed, but he does so without stepping on anyone’s toes. He’s more than just a great asset, he’s a mentor, source of inspiration, and friend.» —S. Zachrisson

  • «Michael has been a thoughtful and positive mentor as my career has evolved.» —S. Carmichael

  • «Michael is truly a standout collaborator and design leader. While at Etsy, he applied innovative design thinking methodologies to drive loyal, happy customers and help the business grow.» —B. Ellis

  • «As a collaborator, Michael is a fun, dynamic thinker who pushes everyone around him to do their best work.» —B. Ellis

  • «Our work together forever inspired me, and I continue to reference it on an almost daily basis both at work, and in my personal life.» —B. Ellis

  • «Michael inspires us with the clarity and insight of his strategic thinking and encourages us as leaders to dig deeper within ourselves.» —VP Engineering, Etsy

  • «Michael makes the right kind of difference where it matters most—balancing product impact with organizational leadership and offering the kind of mentorship that fuels teams.» —VP Design, Etsy

  • «Michael’s deft, adaptive leadership—knowing when to lead from the front and when to support from behind—has earned deep credibility across PMs and Engineering.» —Senior Product Design Manager, Etsy

  • «Michael demonstrates tremendous grit, grace, and optimism.» —Product Design Director, Etsy

  • «Working with Michael has been a deep honor—he’s not only a wonderful designer, but an extraordinary human.» —VP of Product Design, Etsy

colophon

This website is set in Oracle and Writer, typefaces by Dinamo and Pangram Pangram. Titles and decks feature ligatures—single characters that replace two or more letters—enhancing the rhythm and harmony of the text. Quotations are framed with guillemets, a nod to the classical French types that inspired Writer. Hederas mark the end of articles.

The writing, design, and development of this site was done by me.

Dedicated to my first child, Noah, who was born during the creation of this site.

© 2025 Michael R. Yap. All Rights Reserved.

epigraph

«The details are not the details, the details make the product.»

—charles and ray eames

«Good work, done well, for the right reasons, and with the right companions, is one of the great human joys.»

—david whyte

«We should not feel embarrassed by our difficulties, only by our failure to grow anything beautiful from them.»

—alain de botton